Ar-Ra'd

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

1. 1. We have spoken about similar phrases at the beginning of Sūrah Al-Baqarah. These sublime verses in this Sūrah, and the Qur’ān that God has revealed to you - O Messenger - is the truth in which there is no uncertainty. There is no doubt that it is from God, but most people do not believe in it due to stubbornness and pride.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

...’; it consists of 43, 44, 45 or 46 verses. In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful: [13:1] Aliflam mim ra : God knows be\ft what He means by these [letters]. Those, these verses, are the verses of the Book, the Qur’an (the genitive annexation carries the meaning of [partitive] min, ‘from’), 3 and that which has been revealed to you from your Lord, namely, the Qur’an (this [preceding sentence] constitutes the subjecft, the predicate of which is [the following]), is the Truth, wherein is no doubt, but moSt people, that is, the people of Mecca, do not believe, that it is from…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

2. 2.Allah is the One Who made the heavens high without any supports that you can see. Then He established Himself on the Throne and He subjugated the sun and the moon for the benefit of His creation. Both the sun and the moon run along for a specified period of time that is known only to Allah. He, may He be glorified, disposes of all matters in the heavens and the earth as He wills. He explains the signs that indicate His Power in the hope that you may be certain about meeting your Lord on the Day of Judgement and prepare for it by doing good actions.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

but moSt people, that is, the people of Mecca, do not believe, that it is from God, exalted be He. [13:2] God is He Who raised up the heavens without visible supports (‘amad is the plural oVimad, which is [the same as] an ustuwana, ‘a column; and this [Statement] is true, since there are no aCtual supports) then presided upon the Throne, a presiding befitting Him, and disposed, made subservient, the sun and the moon, each one, of them, moving, along its course, until [ the conclusion of] an appointed time, that is, [until] the Day of Resurrection.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

3. 3He, may He be glorified, is the One Who spread out the earth and created on it firm mountains so that it does not cause the people to become unsettled. From all types of fruit He made two kinds, like the male and female in animals. He draws the veil of night over the day so that it becomes dark after being bright. In that which is mentioned, there are signs and proof for a people who reflect and ponder over Allah’s creation, for they are the ones who benefit from such signs and proof.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

hat you, O people of Mecca, might be certain of the encounter with your Lord, through resurrection. [13:3] And He it is Who spread out, extended [flat], the earth and set, created, therein firm mountains and rivers, and of every fruit He has made in it two kinds, of every Species. He covers, He cloaks, the night, and its darkness, with the day. Surely in that, which is mentioned, are signs, indications of His Oneness, exalted be He, for a people who reflect, upon God’s handiwork.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

4. On Earth there are neighbouring plots, gardens of vineyards, crops, palm trees sharing one root and others with individual roots. All of these gardens and crops are watered with the same water, I make some of them better than others in taste and other benefits despite their being next to one another and being watered with the same water, there are signs and proof for those who reason, for they are the ones who pay heed to it.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

e signs, indications of His Oneness, exalted be He, for a people who reflect, upon God’s handiwork. [13:4] And on the earth are trails, diverse terrains, neighbouring each other, joined side by side, some good, some briny, some of little yield and some fruitful — and these constitute proofs of His power, exalted be He — and gardens, orchards, of vines and sown fields (read zar’un, in the nominative, as a supplement to janndtun, ‘gardens’, or read zarin, in the genitive, [as a supplement] to anabin, ‘of vines’); similarly [constituting proofs of His power are] His words: and date-palms sha…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

5. If you are amazed, O Messenger, at anything, then you should surely be amazed at their denial of resurrection and their statement of proof for their denial: What, when we die and become dust and decayed and decomposed bones, shall we be resurrected and restored to life? Those who reject the resurrection after death are the ones who disbelieved in their Lord and as a result they disbelieved in His Power to resurrect the dead. They are the ones around whose necks chains of fire will be placed on the Day of Judgement.…

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

ed be He. Surely in that, which is mentioned, are signs for a people who understand, [who] reflect. [13:5] And if you wonder, O Muhammad (s), at the disbelievers denying you, then surely wondrous, [surely] deserving wonder, is their saying, in denial of resurrection: ‘When we have become duSt, shall we indeed then be [raised] in a new creation?’, [it is wondrous] because the One Who has the power to originate creation and [to originate] what has been mentioned [above], without any precedent, has [also] the power to restore them [to life] (both hamzas, in both instances [a-idha and a-inna]…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

6. The idolaters ask you, O Messenger, to bring on the punishment and they enquire as to why it is taking so long to come on them before they completely enjoy the favours that Allah has decreed for them. Many such punishments have come before on people like them from the nations who disbelieved. Why do they not take a lesson from them? Your Lord, O Messenger, is one who pardons people despite their wrongdoing. He, therefore, does not rush to take retribution from them giving them a chance to repent to Allah.…

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

and the second begins with wa-ld yazalulladhina kafaru (ending with inna’Lldha la yukhlifuTml'dd). [13:6] The following was revealed regarding their hastening on, out of mockery, of the chastisement: And they would have you hasten on the evil, the chastisement, rather than the good, [rather than] mercy, when there have indeed occurred before them exemplary punishments ( mathulat is the plural of math- ula, similar [in pattern] to samura [pi.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

7. Those who disbelieved in Allah - persisting in their rejection and obstinance - say: Why has no sign been sent down to Muhammad from his Lord, just as was sent down to Moses and Jesus? You, O Messenger, are only a warner who warns people of Allah’s punishment. You only have signs that Allah has given you. Every community has a prophet who shows them and guides them to the path of truth.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

ace of it [the earth]; and truly your Lord is severe in retribution, againSt those who disobey Him. [13:7] And those who disbelieve say, ‘Why has not some sign been sent down upon him, upon Muhammad ( s),from his Lord!’, the like of the Staff and the [glowing] hand, 4 or the she-camel. 5 God, exalted be He, says: You are only a Warner, one to threaten the disbelievers, for it is not your duty to bring forth signs; and for every folk there is a guide, a prophet, to guide them to their Lord with the signs that He gives him, and not what with they request.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

8. Allah knows what every female bears in her womb. He knows everything about it. He knows about any shrinking, swelling, health or illness that occurs in the womb. By Him, may He be glorified, everything is determined with a measure that will neither decrease nor increase.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

phet, to guide them to their Lord with the signs that He gives him, and not what with they request. [13:8] God knows what every female bears, of male or female, one or more, and otherwise, and what the wombs reduce, of the time of geStation, and what they increase, of it. And everything with Him is according to a [precise] measure, a [precise] amount and limit which it does not exceed; [13:9] [He is] the Knower of the unseen and the visible, [of] what is hidden and what is witnessed; the Great, the Tremendous, the High Exalted, above His creation, through His [overpowering] subjugation (…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

9. This is because He, may He be glorified, knows about everything that is not perceived by His creation as well as everything that is perceived by them. He is the Majestic in His attributes, names and actions. The Supreme over every creation of His in His self and attributes.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

10. He knows what is secret and what is even more hidden. Whether you, O people, hide your statements or proclaim them, it is the same in His knowledge. A person who hides from the eyes of people under the darkness of the night and the one who acts openly in the light of day, are equally known by Him.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

ation, through His [overpowering] subjugation (read al-muta’ali or al-muta’al, ‘the High Exalted’). [13:10] [They are all] the same, according to His knowledge, exalted be He, those of you who Tpeak secretly and those who do so openly, and those who lurk, [who] hide themselves, in the night, in its dark¬ ness, and those who go forth, [those who] are manifest [to view] when they make their way, by day.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

11. He, may He be glorified, has angels that come upon a person one after the other. Some of them come at night and some during the day. They protect the person by Allah’s command and they record his statements and actions. Allah does not change the good condition of a people for the worse unless they change the state of gratitude within themselves. When Allah, may He be glorified, wills destruction for a people, then no one can ward off what He wills.…

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

ness, and those who go forth, [those who] are manifest [to view] when they make their way, by day. [13:11] For him, for man, are attendants, angels who follow him, to his front and to his rear, guard¬ ing him through God’s command, that is, by His command, from [the danger of] the jinn and others. Indeed God does not alter the Hate of a people — He does not deprive them of His grace — unless they have altered the Hate of their souls, from [their] comely nature, through an acft of disobedience.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

12. It is He who shows you, O people, the lightning, inspiring in you both fear of the lightning bolts and hope of rain. It is He who forms the clouds laden with rain water.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

rotestor ( min wdlin: min is extra) to avert it from them, apart from Him, that is, other than God. [13:12] He it is Who shows you the lightning, [inspiring] fear, in travellers, of thunderbolts, and hope, for those who are at home, of rain; and He produces. He creates, the clouds that are heavy, with rain.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

13. The thunder pronounces His glory together with His praises, may He be glorified. The angels pronounce the glory of their Lord in awe of Him and out of respect and honour for Him. He sends thunderbolts to strike and eliminate whichever of His creation He wills. Yet the disbelievers still dispute about Allah’s Oneness. Allah is mighty in power and strength and severe in punishing those who go against Him.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

r those who are at home, of rain; and He produces. He creates, the clouds that are heavy, with rain. [13:13] And the thunder — this is an angel, who is in charge of the clouds, driving them, [while he] constantly, proclaims His praise, that is, he says, ‘Glory be to God through His praise’ ( subhdna’Llah wa-bi-hamdihi ), and so too the angels, proclaim His praise, in awe of Him, that is, of God.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

14. The call of monotheism is for Allah alone and no one shares this with Him. The idols on whom the idolaters call besides Him do not respond to the call of those who call them in any matter. Their calling them is simply like a thirsty person stretching his hand towards water for it to reach his mouth so that he can drink from it. The water is not going to reach his mouth. The call of the disbelievers to their idols is only in vain and far from being right, because they have no power to draw any benefit for them nor ward off any harm from them.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

het (s), about God, though He is great in might, in power, or in [the severity of His] retribution. [13:14] His, exalted be He, is the call of truth, that is, the words that constitute it [the truth], and these are: ‘there is no god but God’ (Id ildha illd’Lldh); and those upon whom they call (read yad'un or tad‘un, ‘you call’), [those whom] they worship, apart from Him, that is, other than Him — namely, the idols — do not answer them anything, of which they ask; save as, is the response to, one who Hretches forth his hands towards water, at the edge of a well, calling to it, that it may…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

15. All that are in the heavens and on earth submit themselves in prostration to Allah alone. A believer and disbeliever are equal in this, except that a believer submits and prostrates to Him willingly, while a disbeliever unwillingly submits even though his natural disposition dictates that he should do so willingly. The shadow of every creation that has a shadow submits to Him at the beginning and at the end of the day.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

16. Say, O Messenger, to the disbelievers who worship others together with Allah: Who is the creator and the controller of the heavens and the earth? Say, O Messenger, It is Allah who is their Creator and Controller and you acknowledge this. Say, O Messenger, to them: Have you taken for yourselves protectors other than Allah who are themselves helpless! They cannot draw any benefit for themselves nor remove any harm.…

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

nd those coerced by the sword, and their shadows also, prostrate, in the mornings and the evenings. [13:16] Say, O Muhammad (s), to your people: ‘Who is the Lord of the heavens and the earth?’ Say: ‘God’ — and even if they do not say it, there can be no other reponse. Say, to them: ‘Then have you taken beside Him, other than Him, protestors, idols, to worship, who have no power to benefit or harm themselves?’, and you abandon the One Who is their Possessor? (an interrogative meant as a rebuke).…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

17. Allah strikes an example of the erosion of falsehood and the survival of truth with rainwater that comes down from the sky and causes riverbeds to flow, each according to its size, whether big or small. The overflowing water carries on its surface scum and froth that rise above the water. He then gives another example of falsehood and truth with some of the metals that people put into a furnace in order to melt down and to make ornaments for people. Falsehood is like the scum and froth that floats above the water and like the slag expelled by smelting the metal.…

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

cannot have an associate in terms of worship; and He is the One, the Subjugator’, of His servants. [13:17] He then strikes a similitude of truth and falsehood, saying: He, exalted be He, sends down water, rain, from the sky, whereat the valleys flow according to their measure, according to their full capacity, and the flood carries a scum that swells, rising above it, and this [scum] is the filth and the like that lies on the surface of the earth, and from that which they smelt (read tuqidun, ‘you smelt’, or yuqidun, ‘they smelt’) in the fire, of the earth’s minerals, such as gold, silver…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

18. Those believers who responded to their Lord when he called them towards His Oneness and obedience will have the best reward, which is Paradise. But those disbelievers who did not respond to His call towards His Oneness and obedience, even if they possessed all the different types of wealth on earth, and twice as much, they would offer all of that to redeem themselves from the punishment. Those who did not respond to His call will be taken to account for all their wrong deeds and the home in which they will reside will be Hell— What a miserable place the Fire is to rest and settle in!

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

is established and enduring. Thus, in the way mentioned, God Strikes, He makes clear, similitudes. [13:18] For those who respond to their Lord, [those who] answer Him, by way of obedience, there shall be the goodly reward. Paradise, and those who do not respond to Him, namely the disbelievers — if they possessed all that is in the earth, and therewith the like of it, they would offer it to redeem themselves therewith, againSt the chastisement.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

19. The one who knows that what Allah has revealed to you, O Messenger, is undoubtedly the Truth from your Lord, and who has faith in and responds to Allah, cannot be equal to someone who is blind, who disbelieves in Allah and does not respond to Him. Only those with sound understanding will pay heed to and take a lesson from this.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

y did, none of which will be forgiven, and their abode shall be Hell, an evil resting place, it is! [13:19] The following was revealed regarding Hamza and Abu Jahl: 6 Is he who knows that what is re¬ vealed to you from your Lord is the truth, and so believes in it, like him who is blind?, and does not know it, nor believes in it? No! But only people of pith, possessors of intellect, remember, heed [such admonitions]; [13:20] such asfidfil God’s covenant, [meaning] the one that was taken from them while they were Still atoms — or [meaning] any covenant — and do not break the pad, by aband…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

20. Those who respond to Allah are the ones who fulfil the pledges they made to Allah or the pledges they made to His servants and who do not break the pledges made with Allah or with others.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

21. They are those who join everything that Allah commands to be joined, such as ties with family and their fellow brothers for the sake of Allah, who are in such awe of their Lord that it moves them to carry out His instructions and refrain from His prohibitions, and who fear that Allah will take them to account for every sin they commit, for any person whose account is scrutinised will be ruined.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

meaning] any covenant — and do not break the pad, by abandoning belief, or [religious] obligations; [13:21] and such as cement what God has commanded should be cemented, of faith and kinship ties and so forth, and fear their Lord, that is, His Threat [of punishment], and dread an awful reckoning — a similar [Statement] has preceded;

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

22. They are those who remained steadfast in following Allah and in the ease and hardship that Allah decreed for them, and they remained firm in refraining from going against Him, seeking Allah’s pleasure. They kept up the prayer perfectly, they discharged their obligations from the wealth that We gave them, and they willingly gave from that wealth, secretly to avoid ostentation, and openly so that others could follow their lead. They repel the evil of those who harm them by doing good to them. These people who have these qualities will have a praiseworthy outcome on the Day of Judgement.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

is, His Threat [of punishment], and dread an awful reckoning — a similar [Statement] has preceded; [13:22] such as are patient, through obedience and [during] hardship, and [Staying] away from disobe¬ dience, desiring, seeking, their Lord’s countenance, and nothing else, from among the transient things of this world; and maintain the prayer and expend, in obedience, of that which We have provided them, secretly and openly, and repel evil with good, such as [repelling] ignorance through forbearance, and harm through patience; those, theirs shall be the sequel of the [heavenly] Abode: that…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

23. This praiseworthy outcome refers to gardens in which they will permanently reside in luxury. To complete the favour, those of their fathers, mothers, wives and children who were upright will enter these gardens together with them so as to make their stay even more enjoyable by meeting them. In addition, the angels will come in to visit and congratulate them from every door of their homes in Paradise.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

be the sequel of the [heavenly] Abode: that is, the praisewor¬ thy sequel in the Hereafter, namely: [13:23] Gardens of Eden, as a [place of] residence, which they shall enter, they, along with those who were righteous, [those who] believed, from among their fathers and their spouses and their descend¬ ants, even if these [latter] did not perform deeds of the same [merit] as theirs, they shall share with them their stations [of Paradise] as an honouring for them; and the angels shall enter to them from every gate, of the gates of Paradise or of [the gates of] the palaces [of Paradise], whe…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

24. The angels will greet them whenever they come to visit them saying: Peace be on you, i.e.: You are safe from calamities because of your being steadfast in following Allah and in difficult times and being firm in not going against Him. What a wonderful final home is your outcome!

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

of [the gates of] the palaces [of Paradise], when they fir£t enter, in order to congratulate them. [13:24] They will say [to them]: ‘Peace be upon you, this is the reward, for your patience’, during life on earth. How excellent is, your sequel, the sequel of the [heavenly] Abode! [13:25] And those who break God’s covenant after pledging it, and sever what God has commanded should be cemented, and work corruption in the earth, through unbelief and acfts of disobedience, theirs shall be the curse, banishment from God’s mercy, and theirs shall be the awfid abode, the awful sequel in the abo…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

25. As for those who break their pledge with Allah after it has been made binding, and cut off the relationships that Allah has commanded to be joined, those are the unfortunate and wretched ones who will be distanced from Allah’s mercy, and they will have a dreadful home in the Fire.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

26. Allah expands provision for anyone He wills and restricts it for any of His servants that He wills. Being given abundant provision is not a sign of being fortunate or of having attained Allah’s love. Similarly, restriction of provision is not a sign of being wretched. The disbelievers rejoiced in the life of this world and inclined to it becoming comfortable therein. Yet the life of this world, compared to the Hearafter, is only a brief enjoyment that will soon pass.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

and theirs shall be the awfid abode, the awful sequel in the abode of the Hereafter, namely, Hell. [13:26] God expands provision. He makes it abundant, for whom He will, and Straitens, re£tricfts it, for whomever He will; and they, the people of Mecca, rejoice, a wanton rejoicing, in the life of this world, that is, in what they acquire therein, yet the life of this world, in, comparison with the life of, the Hereaf¬ ter, is but [a brief] enjoyment, a trifling thing, enjoyed and then laft.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

27. Those who disbelieved in Allah and His verses say: If only a physical sign was sent down to Muhammad from his Lord proving his truthfulness and then we will believe. Say, O Messenger, to those who suggest this: Allah, through His justice, leaves whoever He will to stray, and through His grace He guides to Himself those who turn towards Him in repentance. Guidance is not in their hands so that they could link it to the sending down of signs.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

the life of, the Hereaf¬ ter, is but [a brief] enjoyment, a trifling thing, enjoyed and then laft. [13:27] And those who disbelieve, from among the people of Mecca, say, ‘Why has not some sign, like the £taff and the [glowing] hand or the she-camel, been sent down upon him, upon Muhammad (s), from his Lord?’ Say, to them: ‘Indeed God sends aStray whomever He will, to send astray — such that signs cannot avail him in any way — and He guides.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

28. These people whom Allah guides are those who have faith and whose hearts find comfort in the remembrance of Allah and in His glorification and praise and by reciting and listening to His book. Truly it is only natural that in the remembrance of Allah hearts find comfort.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

o] return to Him (man, ‘those who’, is substituted by [the following, alladhina, ‘those who ...’]); [13:28] those who believe and whose hearts are reassured, find rest, by God’s remembrance, that is, by His promise [of reward]. Verily by God’s remembrance are hearts reassured, that is, the hearts of the believers; [13:29] those who believe and perform righteous deeds: (alladhina amanu wa-‘amilu’l-salihat is the sub¬ ject, the predicate of which [is the following]) theirs shall be blessedness (tuba is a verbal noun derived from tib, ‘goodness’, or [the name of] a tree in Paradise, whose s…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

29. These people who have faith in Allah and do good actions that bring them close to Allah, will have a pleasant life in the afterlife and will have a beautiful outcome in Paradise.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

30. Just as we sent previous messengers to their communities, We sent you, O Messenger, to your community so that you may recite to them the Qur’ān that We revealed to you, for it is sufficient evidence of your truthfulness. Yet the condition of your people is that they reject this miracle because they deny the Benevolent One as they associate others with Him as partners.…

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

travelling for 100 years would Still not traverse) and a fair resort, [a fair] place to return to. [13:30] Thus, juSt as We sent prophets before you, We have sent you to a community before whom other communities have passed away, that you may recite to them that which We have revealed to you, that is, the Qur’an; yet they disbelieve in the Compassionate One, for, when they were commanded to proStrate themselves to Him, they said, ‘And what is the Compassionate One?’ Say, to them, O Muhammad (s'): ‘He is my Lord; there is no god save Him. In Him I truCt and to Him is my recourse’.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

31. If any of the divine scriptures had the quality of being able to make the mountains move from their places or the earth split and turn into rivers and springs, or be recited to the dead who would then come to life, it would have been this Qur’ān that is revealed to you, O Messenger, for its evidence is clear and its effect is profound, if only their hearts were mindful - but they reject it. Instead, the matter of sending down miracles and other matters are entirely in Allah’s control.…

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

Muhammad (s'): ‘He is my Lord; there is no god save Him. In Him I truCt and to Him is my recourse’. [13:31] The following was revealed when they said to him, ‘If you are [truly] a prophet, then make these mountains of Mecca drift away before us, and make for us rivers and Springs in it, that we may plant and sow seeds, and resurrect for us our dead fathers to SJieak to us and tell us that you are a prophet’: Even if it were a Qur’an whereby the mountains were set in motion, moved from their places, or the earth

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

32. You are not the first messenger to be rejected and mocked at by his people. The communities before you, O Messenger, mocked at their messengers and rejected them. But I gave respite to those who rejected their messengers until they thought I would not destroy them. Then I seized them after that respite, with various forms of punishment. What do you think of My punishment of them? It was really a severe punishment!

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

t break His promise-, and indeed, he alighted at Hudaybiyya until the conquest of Mecca took place; [13:32] messengers were certainly mocked before you, in the same way that you have been mocked — this is meant as solace for the Prophet (s) — but I gave respite to those who disbelieved; then I seized them, with retribution, and how was My retribution?, that is to say, it [My retribution] will come to pass; and I shall deal with those who have mocked you in the same way.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

33. Is the One who watches over the actions of every soul and who recompenses it for its actions more deserving of being worshipped, or these idols who do not have any right to be worshipped? Yet the disbelievers have unjustly and falsely made them partners to Allah. Say to them, O Messenger, : Tell us the names of the partners that you worship together with Allah if you are true in your claim.…

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

34. There is a punishment for them in this world in the form of being killed and imprisoned at the hands of the believers, but the punishment of the Hereafter that awaits them will be more severe and more difficult than the punishment of this world because of its never-ending severity and continuity. They will have no one to protect them from Allah’s punishment on the Day of Judgement.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

rom the way, [from] the path of guidance; and whomever God sends aStray, for him there is no guide. [13:34] For them there is chastisement in the life of this world, through being killed or taken captive; and verily the chastisement of the Hereafter is more grievous, is more severe; and they have no de¬ fender, protecftor, from God, that is, from His chastisement.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

35. The description of Paradise that those mindful of Allah, by fulfilling His instructions and avoiding His prohibitions, have been promised is that rivers flow below its palaces, its fruits are perpetual and do not ever end unlike the fruit of the world, and its shade is everlasting without ever retracting. That is the outcome that awaits those who are mindful of Allah, by fulfilling His instructions and avoiding His prohibitions. The outcome of the disbelievers is the Fire, which they will enter to remain there forever.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

is more severe; and they have no de¬ fender, protecftor, from God, that is, from His chastisement. [13:35] The likeness, the description, of Paradise, which has been promised to the God-fearing (this is a subject, the predicate of which has been omitted), in other words, according to what We recount to you [is as follows]: beneath it rivers flow, its food, what is consumed in it, is everlasting, never perishing, and its shade, is everlasting, never replaced by any sun, because it does not exiSt therein.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

36. Those Jews to whom We gave the Torah and those Christians to whom We gave the Gospel, rejoice in what has been revealed to you, O Messenger, because it conforms to some of what was revealed to them. Some factions of the Jews and Christians deny parts of what has been revealed to you because it does not conform to their desires, or it describes them as having altered or distorted their religion. Say to them, O Messenger, Allah has only instructed me to worship Him alone, and not to associate any partners with Him. To Him alone I invite and not to anyone else. To Him alone is my return.…

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

he sequel, of those who were wary, of idolatry, and the requital of the disbeliev¬ ers is the Fire! [13:36] And those to whom We have given the Scripture, such as ‘Abd Allah b. Salam and others from among the believing Jews, rejoice in that which has been revealed to you, because of its according with what they have with them [of revelation]; and among the factions, that aligned themselves againSt you in enmity, from among the idolaters and the Jews, are those who reject some of it, such as the mention of the ‘Compassionate One’ ( al-Rahmdn ) and all that is other than the Stories [relate…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

37. Just as We sent down the previous scriptures in the language of their people, We have sent down to you, O Messenger, the Qur’ān as a decisive word indicating the truth in the Arabic language. If you, O Messenger, follow the desires of the People of the Scripture, in their request to you to delete what does not conform to their desires, after you have received the knowledge that Allah has taught you, then you will not have anyone to take charge of your affairs and to assist you against your enemies and you will not have anyone to protect you from Allah’s punishment.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

orship God, and not to associate [anything] with Him. To Him I call and to Him shall be my return’. [13:37] And so, juSt like that [manner of] revelation, We have revealed it, that is, the Qur’an, as a [deci¬ sive] judgement in Arabic, in the language of the Arabs, for you to judge thereby between people.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

38. We sent messengers before you, O Messenger, who were human - so you are nothing new among the messengers. We gave them wives and children like other human beings. We did not make them angels who do not marry and have children. You are one of these messengers who marry and have children. Why then are these idolaters surprised at this? No messenger can bring a miracle except if Allah gives permission for him to do so. For every matter decreed by Allah there is a Book in which it is mentioned and a time which will neither come too early nor too late.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

inst God (mina’Llahi min: the [second] min is extra) and no defender, to ward off His chastisement. [13:38] And when they derided him for having many wives, the following was revealed: And indeed We sent messengers before you, and We assigned to them wives and seed, children — and you are like them; and it was not for any Messenger, from among them, that he should bring a sign, save by God’s leave, because they are servants enthralled [by Him]. For every term, period, there is a Book, wherein is inscribed its delimitation.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

39. Allah removes whatever good, evil, fortune or misfortune He wills to remove and He confirms whatever He wills. With Him is the Preserved Tablet, which is the source of all of that, and any erasure or confirmation that appears conforms to what is in it.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

nthralled [by Him]. For every term, period, there is a Book, wherein is inscribed its delimitation. [13:39] God effaces, of it [the Book], whatever He will and He fixes (read yuthbit or yuthabbit), therein whatever He will of rulings or other matters, and with Him is the Mother of the Book, its [source of] ori¬ gin, of which nothing is ever changed, and which consists of what He inscribed in pre-eternity (azal).

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

40. If I show you, O Prophet, some of the punishment that We promise them before your death, then that is My choice. If I cause you to die before showing you that, then your duty is only to convey what We have instructed you to convey. It is not your duty to recompense them or to take them to account - that is My duty.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

n, of which nothing is ever changed, and which consists of what He inscribed in pre-eternity (azal). [13:40] And whether ([read as] imma: the nun of the conditional particle in, ‘whether’, has been assimili- ated with the extra ma ) 9 We show you apart of that which We promise them, of chastisement, during your lifetime (the response of the conditional Statement has been omitted, in other words [understand it as being] ,fa-dhak [‘then so shall it be’]); or We take you [ to Us], before chastising them; it is for you only to convey [the Message], your duty is only to deliver [the Message], a…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

41. Have these disbelievers not seen that We come to the land of the disbelievers diminishing it from its borders by spreading Islam and by the Muslims conquering it? Allah decides and decrees whatever He wills amongst His servants. No one can reverse, amend or alter His decision. He, may He be glorified, is swift in reckoning and He will take the earlier people and the later ones to account within one day.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

nd it is for Us to do the reckoning, when they finally come to Us, whereupon We shall requite them. [13:41] Or is it that they, the people ofMecca, have not seen how We visit the land, [how] We target their land, diminishing it at its outlying regions?, by giving victory to the Prophet (s). And God judges, among His creatures as He will; there is none that can repel His judgement and He is swift at reckoning.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

42. The previous communities had plotted and devised schemes against their prophets and they rejected what they brought to them. What did they manage to do by such schemes? Nothing! This is because the effective plan is only that of Allah and no other. He, may He be glorified, is the One Who knows what their souls earn and He will recompense them for it. Then they will know how wrong they were in not having faith in Allah, and how right the believers were as they would have acquired Paradise and the best outcome.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

His creatures as He will; there is none that can repel His judgement and He is swift at reckoning. [13:42] And indeed those that were before them, of communities, plotted, againSt their prophets juSt as they plot againSt you; but to God belongs all plotting. And nor is their plotting like the plotting of God, for, exalted be He, He knows what every soul earns, and so its requital is prepared for it, and this is the ultimate plotting, since He brings it to them whence they are not aware.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

43. Those who disbelieved in Allah say: You, O Muhammad, have not been sent by Allah. Tell them, O Messenger, Allah is sufficient as a witness between me and you to the fact that I have been sent from my Lord to you, as well as those who have knowledge of the heavenly scriptures that contain my description. The one for whom Allah is a witness to His truthfulness, is not harmed by the rejection of those who deny him.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

uel in the abode of the Hereafter: will it be theirs or that of the Prophet (s) and his Companions? [13:43] And those who disbelieve say, to you: ‘You have not been sent [by God]!’ Say, to them: ‘God suffices as a witness between me and you, to my truthfulness [as a messenger], and he who possesses knowledge of the Book’, from among the Christian and Jewish believers. 9 Cf. n. 142 to Q. 10:46, on the rendition of imma. Meccan, except for the two verses 28 and 29, which are Medinese; it consists of 52, 54 or 55 verses. In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful: