Ghafir

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

1. Ḥā Mīm. The discussion on similar letters has already passed in Sūrah Al-Baqarah.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

2. The revelation of the Qur’ān sent down to His Messenger, Muhammad (peace be upon him), is from Allah, the Mighty whom none can overpower, the Knower of the interests of His servants.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

3. Forgiver of the sins of the sinful, Accepter of the repentance of those of His servants who turn to Him, Severe in retribution against those who do not repent from their sins, One of bounty and grace. There is no being deserving of worship besides Him. To Him alone is the return of the servants on the Day of Resurrection and He will give them the recompense they deserve.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

s from God (mina’Llahi is its predicate), the Mighty, in His kingdom, the Knower, of His creatures. [40:3] Forgiver of sins, for believers, and Accepter of repentance, from them ( al-tawb is the verbal noun), Severe in punishment, of disbelievers — in other words, One Who makes it severe for them — One of [abundant] bounty, bes'tower of abundant grace — God is eternally possessed of all of these attributes, and so the annexation condrudion using the derivatives [of these attributes] is for the purposes of charaderisation, as in the case of the lad.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

4. No one disputes about Allah’s signs that indicate to His Oneness and the truthfulness of His messengers except those who reject Allah due to their deficient intellects. Do not grieve over them and do not let the abundant provision and favours that they enjoy deceive you. Their being given respite is a means of gradually luring them into their own destruction.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

n the case of the lad. There is no god except Him; to Him is the journeying, the [ultimate] return. [40:4] None dispute the signs of God — the Qur’an — except those who disbelieve, from among the peo¬ ple of Mecca, so do not be deceived by their buftle in the towns, [going about] seeking their livelihood in security, for the sequel for them will be the Fire. [40:5] The people of Noah denied before them and [also] the factions, such as ‘Ad, Ihamtid and others, [who came] after them.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

5. Before them, the people of Noah denied, as did the confederates after Noah, including 'Ad, Thamud, the people of Lot, the people of Madyan all denied. Pharaoh also denied. Every nation plotted against their Messenger, to capture and kill him. They argued with the falsehood that they had, to remove the truth with it. But I seized all those nations. So reflect over how my retribution against them was! It was a severe retribution.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

6. Like how Allah decided to destroy those denying nations, the Word of your Lord, O Messenger, is binding against the disbelievers, that they will be the inmates of the Fire.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

with punishment; so how [fitting] was My punishment!, of them — in other words, it was appropriate. [40:6] And thus was the word ofyour Lord — namely, the verse: Assuredly I willfill Hell.. . [Q. 11:119] — fulfilled againft those who disbelieve: that they shall be the inhabitants of the Fire ( annahum ashabu’l- nari subditutes for kalimatu, ‘the word’).

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

7. The angels who carry the throne of your Lord, O Messenger, and those who are around it, declare the transcendence of their Lord from that which is not proper for Him, they believe in him, and seek forgiveness for those who have faith in Allah, saying in their supplication: Our Lord, Your knowledge and mercy encompass everything, so forgive those who repent from their sins and follow Your religion and protect them from being touched by the fire.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

shall be the inhabitants of the Fire ( annahum ashabu’l- nari subditutes for kalimatu, ‘the word’). [40:7] Those who bear the Throne (alladhina yahmiluna’l-’arsha is the subjed) and those around it (wo¬ man hawlahu is a supplement to that [subjed] [glorify (yusabbihuna, is the predicate thereof) with praise of their Lord, continuously proclaiming praise, in other words, [continuously] saying: subhana’Llahi wa- bi-hamdihi, ‘Glory, and praise, be to God’; and they believe in Him, exalted be He, through their power of discernment, in other words, they affirm the truth of His Oneness, and the…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

8. The angels will say: “Our Lord, enter the believers into gardens of eternity which You promised You will enter them into, and enter those whose actions are good amongst their fathers, wives and children. It is you who are the Mighty with nobody to overpower You, Wise in your decreeing and planning.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

— the religion of Islam — and shield them from the chastise¬ ment of Hell-fire, that is, the Fire. [40:8] Our Lord, and admit them into the Gardens of Eden, as [a place of] residence [for them], that which You have promised them, along with whoever were righteous ( wa-man salaha is a supplement [either] to [the pronominal third person plural suffix] hum, ‘them’ in wa-adkhilhum, ‘and admit them, or in wa’adttahum, ‘You have promised them) among their fathers and their wives and their descendants. Surely You are the One Who is the Mighty, the Wise, in what He does.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

9. And save them from their bad actions, so do not punish them as a result. Whomever You protect from punishment for his bad actions, then You have had mercy on him. This mercy by entry into Paradise is the great success which no success can compare with”.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

r wives and their descendants. Surely You are the One Who is the Mighty, the Wise, in what He does. [40:9] And shield them from evil deeds, that is, [from] the chadisement thereof; for whomever You shield from evil deeds that day, the Day of Resurredion, verily him You will have had been merciful to; and that is indeed the supreme triumph’. [40:10] Indeed to those who disbelieve it will be proclaimed [to them], from the part of the angels, as they [disbelievers] enter the Fire in utter loathing of themselves: ‘Surely God’s loathing, of you, is greater than your loathing of yourselves, as…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

10. Those who disbelieved in Allah and His messengers will be addressed on the day of judgment when they enter the fire, whilst they will hate and curse themselves: “Allah's contempt for you when used to be called to believing in Allah, but you would disbelieve in Him, taking dieties besides Him, is greater than your own contempt for yourselves when being thrown into the fire.”

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

him You will have had been merciful to; and that is indeed the supreme triumph’. [40:10] Indeed to those who disbelieve it will be proclaimed [to them], from the part of the angels, as they [disbelievers] enter the Fire in utter loathing of themselves: ‘Surely God’s loathing, of you, is greater than your loathing of yourselves, as you were called, [during life] in this world, to faith but you used to disbelieve’.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

11. The disbelievers will say, confessing their sins when their confession will not benefit: “Our Lord, You made us lifeless twice when we were non-existent then You created us, then you gave us death after that creation, and You gave us life twice by creating us from non-existence and by restoring us for the resurrection. We have admitted our sins we earned, so is there any route we can take to exit from the fire, so we can return to life to correct our actions so You become pleased with us?”

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

yourselves, as you were called, [during life] in this world, to faith but you used to disbelieve’. [40:11] They will say, ‘Our Lord, You have caused us to die twice, two deaths, and You have given us life twice — for they were lifeless drops of semen, then they were given life, then made to die, then brought back to life for the Resurrection. We [now] confess our sins, in having disbelieved in the Resurrection. Is there then any way to go out?’, out of the Fire and return to the world to be obedient to our Lord? The answer given to them will be: No!

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

12. That punishment which you are punished with is because when Allah was called upon and no partner was associated with Him, you disbelieved in Him and made partners for Him. And when partners were worshipped alongside Allah, you believed. So the judgment is with Allah alone, High with His essence, decree and domination, the Great.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

the Fire and return to the world to be obedient to our Lord? The answer given to them will be: No! [40:12] That, namely, the chastisement which you find yourselves in, is because, during [the life of] this world, when God was invoked alone, you would disbelieve, in His Oneness; but if partners were ascribed to Him, you would believe, you would accept such idolatry.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

13. Allah is the one who shows you signs in the horizons and your own selves, to prove to you His power and His oneness, and He sends down for you rainwater from the skies so it becomes a cause for the provision you are given, such as plants, crops and so forth. And nobody takes lessons from the signs of Allah except one who turns to Him, sincerely repenting.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

14. So call upon Allah, O believers, being sincere to Him in worship and supplication, without associating partners with Him, even though the disbelievers dislike that and it angers them.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

one remembers, [no one] is admonished, except him who re¬ turns penitently, [who] recants idolatry. [40:14] So supplicate God, worship Him, devoting [your] religion purely to Him, [free] from any idola¬ try, however much the disbelievers be averse, to its being free of such [idolatry].

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

15. So He is worthy of supplication and obedience being made sincere for Him, as He is elevated in ranks, separate from all of His creation. And He is the Lord of the Great Throne. He sends revelation upon whomever He wants from His servants, so that they become alive and make others alive, and so that they warn people of the day of judgment in which the first and last will meet one another.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

from any idola¬ try, however much the disbelievers be averse, to its being free of such [idolatry]. [40:15] Exalter of ranks, [either means] that God is One Whose attributes are majestic — or [it means] the raiser of the ranks of believers in Paradise — Lord of the Throne, in other words, the Creator thereof, He cafts the Spirit, the Revelation, of His command, that is, [of] His words, upon whomever He will of His servants, that he, the one upon whom it is caSt, may warn them of, [that he may] make people fear, the Day of Encounter (read yawma’l-taldqi, omitting the [final long] yd’, or y…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

16. The day in which they will be apparent having gathered on one plain. Nothing of theirs will be hidden from Allah, nothing of theirs will be hidden from Allah, everything from their own self, their actions, and their reward will be made apparent. He will ask: “For whom is the kingdom today?” There will be only be one answer at this time: the kingdom is for Allah, the One in His essence, qualities and actions, the Prevailing one who has dominated everything and for whom everything has submitted.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

counter] the one whom he worshipped, and the wrongdoer [will encounter] the person whom he wronged; [40:16] the day when they will emerge, [the day] they will exit from their graves; nothing about them will be hidden from God. ‘To whom does Sovereignty belong today?’ — God, exalted be He, asks this and Himself responds — ‘To God, the One, the All-compelling!’, over His creatures. [40:17] Today every soul shall be requited for what it has earned; there will be no injustice today.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

17. Today, every soul will be rewarded for the action it earned: if it was good, then the reward will be good, and if it was bad, then it will be bad. There will be no injustice on this day, because the judge is Allah who is Just. Allah is swift in taking account of His servants, due to His knowledge encompassing them.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

18. O Messenger, warn them of the day of judgment. This day of judgment which has drawn near and is coming, and everything which is coming will soon arrive. When the hearts will rise, due to its intense horror, until they reach the throats, They will all be silent, with none of them speaking except whom the Merciful gives permission to. Those who wronged themselves through idolatry and sins will not have any friend, relative or an intercessor who will listen, even if he had the ability to intercede.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

with all of creation in the Sjiace of half a day of the days of this world — a hadith states this. [40:18] And warn them of the Impending Day, namely, the Day of Resurrection ( al-azifa, as in azifa al- rahilu, ‘departure is very near’) when the hearts will, rising up in fear, reach the throats, choking with anguish, filled with [suppressed] anxiety ( kdzimina is a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-qulubu, ‘the hearts’, which is qualified by the [aCtive animate participle] plural [kdzimina] and referred to as though they were the very individuals themselves).…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

19. He knows what the eyes of the lookers secretly glance at and He knows what the hearts conceal. None of that is hidden from Him.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

pothetically Sneaking — they [their intercessors] did intercede for them, they would not be heeded. [40:19] He, namely, God, knows the treachery of the eyes, when it Steals a glance at what is prohibited [for it to look at], and what the breafts hide — [what] the hearts [hide]. [40:20] And God decrees with truth, while those on whom they call, whom they worship, that is, the dis¬ believers of Mecca (read yad’una, ‘they call’, or tad'una, ‘you call’) besides Him — and these are the idols — do not decree by any means [at all]: so how can they be God’s associates? Truly God is the Hearer, of…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

20. Allah judges with justice, so He does not wrong anyone by decreasing His good actions or increasing His bad actions. And those whom the idolaters worship besides Allah cannot judge with anything, because they do not possess anything. Allah is Hearing of the sayings of His servants, Seeing their intentions and actions, and He shall reward them for that.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

21. Have these idolaters not travelled on earth, so that they can ponder how the outcome was of the nations before them who denied, as it was a bad end? Those nations were stronger than they are, and they left an impression on earth by buildings which these people have not left, but Allah destroyed them because of their sins, and they had nobody to protect them from the punishment of Allah.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

an they be God’s associates? Truly God is the Hearer, of their sayings, the Seer, of their actions. [40:21] Have they not travelled in the land and beheld the nature of the consequence for those who were before them? They were more powerful than them (a variant reading has minkum, ‘than yourselves’) in Strength and in [their] veCtiges on earth, in the way of large structures and palaces. Yef God seized them.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

22. That punishment which befell them only befell them because their messengers used to come to them with clear proof and evident miracles, but they disbelieved in Allah and denied His messengers. Allah seized them, despite their strength, and destroyed them. He is Powerful, severe in punishing those who disbelieve in Him and deny His messengers.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

23. I sent Moses with My clear signs and decisive proof.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

[40:23] And verily We sent Moses with Our signs and a clear warrant, an evident and manifest proof, [40:24] to Pharaoh and Haman and Korah, but they said — that he was — ‘A sorcerer, a [mere] liar!’ [40:25] So when he brought them the truth from Us, they said, ‘Slay the sons of those who believe with him, and Cpare, keep alive, their women’. But the guile of the disbelievers is ever in error, in perdition.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

24. To Pharaoh, his minister Haman, and Qarun, and so they said: “Moses is a magician and a liar in his claim to be a messenger”.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

We sent Moses with Our signs and a clear warrant, an evident and manifest proof, [40:24] to Pharaoh and Haman and Korah, but they said — that he was — ‘A sorcerer, a [mere] liar!’ [40:25] So when he brought them the truth from Us, they said, ‘Slay the sons of those who believe with him, and Cpare, keep alive, their women’. But the guile of the disbelievers is ever in error, in perdition.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

25. Then when Moses came to them with the proof to show his truthfulness, Pharaoh said: “Kill the sons of those who have believed in Moses and keep their women alive, to disgrace them”. And the plot of the disbelievers to attempt to reduce the number of believers will only perish not being successful.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

26. Pharaoh said: “Leave me to kill Moses, as a punishment for him, and let him call upon his Lord to save him from me. I do not care if he calls upon His Lord. I fear he will change your religion which you follow or corruption will appear on earth by killing and destruction”.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

d Cpare, keep alive, their women’. But the guile of the disbelievers is ever in error, in perdition. [40:26] And Pharaoh said, ‘Let me slay Moses — for they used to restrain him from slaying him — and let him call to his Lord, to defend him againSt me. Indeed I fear that he may change your religion, [involving] your worship of me, so that you will then follow him [in his religion], or that he may cause corruption to appear in the land’, by [initiating] killing and otherwise (a variant reading [for wa-an, and that’] is aw-an, ‘or that’; a variant reading [for an yuzhira fi’l-ardi’l-fasada]…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

27. Moses (peace be upon him) said: “I have sought the protection of my Lord and your Lord against every person who is arrogant to accepting and having faith in the truth, not believing in the resurrection, accounting and punishment.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

impersonal construc¬ tion] an yazharafi’l-ardi’l-fasadu, ‘that corruption may appear in the land’). [40:27] And Moses said, to his people, after he had heard that [saying of Pharaoh]: ‘Indeed I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord from every arrogant one who does not believe in the Day of Reckoning’.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

28. A believing man from the family of Pharoah, who was hiding his faith from his people said, criticising them for deciding to kill Moses: “Are you going to kill a man without any crime, besides him saying: ‘My Lord is Allah’, despite the fact he brought you miracles and proof to show the truthfulness of his claim to be a messenger from his Lord? If he really is a liar, his lying will turn against him, but if he is truthful, some of the punishment he is promising will quickly befall you.…

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

uge in my Lord and your Lord from every arrogant one who does not believe in the Day of Reckoning’. [40:28] Then said a believing man from among Pharaoh’s folk — this is said to have been his paternal cousin — who had concealed his faith, ‘Will you slay a man for saying, “My Lord is God”, even though he has [also] brought you clear signs, manifest miracles, from your Lord? If he is lying, then his men¬ dacity will be to his own detriment, that is, the harm resulting from his mendacity [will be to his own detriment]; but if he is truthful, then there will befall you some of that with which…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

29. O people, for you is the kingdom today, dominating in the land of Egypt. So who will save us from Allah’s punishment if it comes to us due to killing Moses?” Pharaoh said: “The opinion is my opinion and the judgment is my judgment. And I have decided to kill Moses, to remove evil and corruption. I only guide you to what is right and correct.”

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

the way of chastisement, soon. Truly God does not guide one who is a prodigal, an idolater, a liar. [40:29] O my people! Today the kingdom is yours: [you are] dominant, prevailing ( zdhirina, a circum¬ stantial qualifier) in the land, the land of Egypt. But who will help us against the might of God, [againSt] His chastisement, if you [resolve to] slay His friends, should it reach us?’ In other words, we would have no helper.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

30. And the one who brought faith said, advising his people: “I fear for you, if you kill Moses unjustly and oppressively, a punishment like the punishment of the groups that united against their prophets previously, then Allah destroyed them.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

l Moses [would be beSt]; and I am only guiding you to the path of rectitude’, [to] the corredt way. [40:30] Then said he who believed, ‘O my people! Truly I fear for you [a day] like the day of the factions, in other words, the day of one fadtion [being destroyed] after another; [40:31] like the case of the people of Noah, and c Ad, and Thamud, and those [who came] after them ( mithla, ‘like’, substitutes for the previous mithla, ‘like’) in other words, the same requital as was custom¬ arily dealt to those who disbelieved before you, of their being chastised in this world, and God does no…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

31. Like those who disbelieved and denied the messengers, such as the people of Noah, Aad, Thamud, and those who came after them. Allah destroyed them due to their disbelief and denial of their messengers. And Allah does not intend to oppress the servants. He only punishes them due to their sins.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

32. O people, I fear for you the day of judgment. That day when people will call one another, calling their relatives or those of status, thinking that they can benefit them in this frightening place.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

ou, of their being chastised in this world, and God does not desire to wrong [any of] His servants. [40:32] And O my people! Truly I fear for you a day of [mutual] calling (read yawmal-tanddi, omitting the [final long] ya, or retaining it thus: yawma’l-tanadi) that is to say, the Day of Resurrection, in which repeated calls are made by those meriting Paradise to those meriting the Fire and vice versa, as well as calls [proclaiming] good fortune for those who merit the former and misery for those who merit the latter and [many] other such [calls],

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

33. The day you will turn away, running out of fear from the fire. You will not have any protector to protect you from Allah’s punishment. Whomever Allah abandons and does not place faith in his heart then there no one who can guide him.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

those who merit the former and misery for those who merit the latter and [many] other such [calls], [40:33] a day when you will turn back to flee, from the site of the Reckoning [leading] to the Fire, not having anyone to defend you, to protedt you, from God, in other words, from His chastisement, and whomever God leads aCtray, for him there is no guide. [40:34] And verily Joseph brought you, before, in other words, before Moses — according to one opin¬ ion, this Joseph is the son of Jacob, having been given life until the time of Moses; according to another

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

34. Joseph came to you before Moses with clear proof for the oneness of Allah, but you remained in doubt and denial of what he brought, until when he died you increased in doubt and uncertainty, and you said: “Allah will never send a messenger after him”. Just as you are misguided from the truth, Allah leads astray every person who trespasses the limits of Allah and doubts His oneness.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

words, from His chastisement, and whomever God leads aCtray, for him there is no guide. [40:34] And verily Joseph brought you, before, in other words, before Moses — according to one opin¬ ion, this Joseph is the son of Jacob, having been given life until the time of Moses; according to another

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

35. Those who argue about the verses of Allah to refute them without any proof or evidence that has come to them, their argument is greatly hated in the eyes of Allah and in the eyes of those who brought faith in Allah and His messengers. Just as Allah sealed the hearts of these who argue about our verses to refute them, Allah seals the heart of every person who is arrogant to the truth and tyrannical, thus he does not find the path to what is right nor is he guided to good.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

who is a prodigal, an idolater, a skeptic’, a doubter of that which the clear signs have certified. [40:35] Those who dispute the signs of God, His miracles (alladhina yujadilunafi ayati’Llahi, the subject) without any warrant, any evidence, that has come to them — greatly hatefid [is that], diluting of theirs ( kabura, the predicate of the subject) in the sight of God and in the sight of those who believe. So, juft: as they have been led aftray, God sets a seal, of misguidance, on the heart of every arrogant tyrant (read qalbin, ‘the heart of’, with nunation, or without, qalbi).…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

36. Pharaoh said to his minister Haman: “O Haman, build for me a high building, in the hope I can reach the paths.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

meant to indicate the totality of the misguidance of such hearts, not the totality of the hearts). [40:36] And Pharaoh said, ‘O Hamanl Build for me a tower, a lofty edifice, that perhaps I may reach the routes —

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

37. In the hope I can reach the paths which lead to the skies, so I can see the god of Moses that he claims is the true god. And I believe Moses is lying in what he claims”. And in this way, Pharoah's bad deeds were adorned for him when he made his request to Haman, and he was turned from the true path to the path of misguidance.And the plot of Pharaoh to make the falsehood he believed dominant and to refute the truth Moses brought, is in complete loss. It will be a vain attempt, ending in failure and eternal wretchedness.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

haraoh said, ‘O Hamanl Build for me a tower, a lofty edifice, that perhaps I may reach the routes — [40:37] the routes of the heavens — the paths that lead to it, and look upon (read [indicative] fa-attali'u as a supplement to ablughu, ‘I may reach’; or read [subjundti ve]fa-attali‘a, as the re^onse to ibni li, ‘build for me’) the God of Moses; for I truly think that he, that is, Moses, is lying’, about his having a god other than me — Pharaoh said this in order to disguise [the truth].…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

38. The man who believed from the family of Pharaoh said, advising his people and guiding them to the true path: “O people, follow me; I shall show you and guide you to the correct path and guidance to the truth.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

[others]’, or sudda, ‘[that is how] he was barred’). And Pharaoh’s guile ended only in ruin, loss. [40:38] And he who believed, ‘O my people! Follow me (read ittabi’uni, with the [final long] ya, or ittabTuni, without); I will guide you to the way ofreditude ([a similar ftatement] has already been men¬ tioned [verse 29, above]). [40:39] O my people! Truly this life of the world is only an [ephemeral] enjoyment, [containing] com¬ forts which will [eventually] disappear, whereas the Hereafter truly is the enduring abode.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

39. O people, this worldly life is only an enjoyment of temporary pleasures, so let it not deceive you with the short-lived enjoyment it contains. The abode of the Hereafter with the everlasting pleasure it contains is the abode of permanence and residence, so work for it by obeying Allah, and be wary of becoming preoccupied from acting for it due to your worldly life.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

40. Whoever does a bad action, he will never be rewarded except with the like of what he did, without punishment being added to it. And whoever does a good action seeking Allah’s pleasure through it, whether the doer is male or female, provided he is a believer in Allah and His messengers - will enter Paradise on the day of judgment. Allah will grant them provision, through what He has placed in it of fruits and the everlasting pleasure which will never end, without account.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

g] com¬ forts which will [eventually] disappear, whereas the Hereafter truly is the enduring abode. [40:40] Whoever commits an evil deed shall not be requited except with the like of it; but whoever ads righteously, whether male or female, and is a believer — such shall be admitted into Paradise (read [passive] yudkhaluna, or the opposite [acftive yadkhuluna, ‘they shall enter’) wherein they will be pro¬ vided without any reckoning, an abundant provision, [given to them] unconditionally. [40:41] And O my people! [Think] what makes me call you to deliverance when you call me to the Fire?…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

41. O people, why is it that I call you towards salvation from loss in the worldly life and the Hereafter by bringing faith in Allah and good actions, but you call me to enter the fire by asking me to disbelieve in Allah and disobey Him?

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

42. You are calling me to your falsehood in the hope that I disbelieve in Allah and worship alongside Him others, the truth of which I have no knowledge of, and I am calling you to have faith in Allah, the Mighty whom nobody can overpower, the Prevailing who has subdued everything.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

[Think] what makes me call you to deliverance when you call me to the Fire? [40:42] You call me to disbelieve in God and to associate with Him that whereof I have no knowledge, whereas I call you to the Mighty, Whose way [always] prevails, the Forgiver, to those who repent. [40:43] No doubt, verily, that to which you call me, to worship, has no call [that is heard], in other words, [has no] call answered, in this world or in the Hereafter, and indeed our return will be to God, and indeed the prodigal, the disbelievers, it is they who will be the inhabitants of the Fire.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

43. Truly, what you call me to have faith in and obey is not fit to be called to in this world or the Hereafter nor does it respond to whoever calls upon it. The return of us all is to Allah alone and those who transgress in disbelief and sins are the people of the fire who will enter it forever on the day of judgment.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

, whereas I call you to the Mighty, Whose way [always] prevails, the Forgiver, to those who repent. [40:43] No doubt, verily, that to which you call me, to worship, has no call [that is heard], in other words, [has no] call answered, in this world or in the Hereafter, and indeed our return will be to God, and indeed the prodigal, the disbelievers, it is they who will be the inhabitants of the Fire. [40:44] For you will [soon] remember what I have said to you, when you see the chaftisement with your own eyes. And I entrud my affair to God.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

44. But they rejected his advice, and so he said: “You will remember the advice I gave you and you will regret not accepting it. And I entrust all my affairs over to Allah alone. Allah is Seeing of His servants; nothing of their actions is hidden from Him”.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

the prodigal, the disbelievers, it is they who will be the inhabitants of the Fire. [40:44] For you will [soon] remember what I have said to you, when you see the chaftisement with your own eyes. And I entrud my affair to God. Tridy God is Seer of [His] servants’ — he said this after they threatened him [with retribution] for opposing their religion. [40:45] So God shielded him from the evils of what they had plotted, againft him, in the way of killing [him], and there besieged, befell, the folk of Pharaoh, his people as well as him, a dreadful chastise¬ ment, drowning, [40:46] then: the…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

45. So Allah protected him from their evil plot when they intended to kill him, and the punishment of drowning enveloped the followers of Pharaoh, as Allah destroyed him and all his armies in this world.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

servants’ — he said this after they threatened him [with retribution] for opposing their religion. [40:45] So God shielded him from the evils of what they had plotted, againft him, in the way of killing [him], and there besieged, befell, the folk of Pharaoh, his people as well as him, a dreadful chastise¬ ment, drowning, [40:46] then: the Fire, to which they are exposed, in which they are burnt, morning and evening.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

46. And after their death they will be exposed to the fire at the beginning and end of the day, and on the day of judgment it will be said: “Enter the followers of Pharaoh into the most severe and greatest punishment, due to the disbelief, denial and preventing others from Allah's way.”

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

47. O Messenger, remember when the followers and the leaders from the people of hell will argue, so the oppressed followers will say to the arrogant leaders: “We were your followers in misguidance in the world, so are you going to relieve us of some of Allah’s punishment by bearing it on our behalf?”

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

, ‘admit’ being a command to the angels) the moil awful chastisement!’, the chastise¬ ment of Hell. [40:47] And, mention, when they will be arguing, [when] they, the disbelievers, will be diluting, [with one another] in the Fire, and the weak will say to those who were arrogant, ‘Indeed we were your fol¬ lowers ( taba’an is the plural of tdbi"); so will you [now] avail, [will you] defend, us again d any portion of the Fire?’ [40:48] Those who were arrogant will say, ‘Indeed we are all [together] in it.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

48. The arrogant leaders will say: “We are in the fire, regardless of whether we were followers or leaders. None of us will bear a part of the punishment of the Hereafter. Allah has decided between the servants, so He has given everyone the punishment they deserve”.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

49. Those being punished in the fire from the followers and leaders will say to the keepers of hell, once they have lost hope in leaving the fire and returning to the worldly life to repent: “Call upon your Lord to lessen from us one day of this everlasting punishment”.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

d [fairly] between His servants’, admitting believers into Paradise and disbelievers into the Fire. [40:49] And those who are in the Fire will say to the keepers of Hell, ‘Call on your Lord that He relieve us of [at leail] a day, in other words, the equivalent of one day, of the chastisement!’ [40:5 0] They, that is, the keepers, will say, mockingly: ‘Did not your messengers bring you clear signs?’, manifest miracles? They will say, ‘Yes indeed’ — in other words, they disbelieved them. They will say, ‘Then supplicate [God]!’, yourselves, for we do not intercede for disbelievers.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

50. The keepers of hell will say in response to the disbelievers: “Did your messengers not come to you with clear proof and evidence?” The disbelievers will say: “Indeed, they used to come to us with clear proof and evidence”. The keepers will say to mock them: “You call, for we are not going to intercede for the disbelievers. But the call of the disbelievers is not but in error and waste, as it will not be accepted from them due to their disbelief”.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

51. I will make My messengers and those who believe in what they brought victorious in this world by making their proof manifest and by supporting them against their enemies. And I shall make them victorious on the day of judgement by entering them into Paradise and punishing their disputants in this world by entering them into the fire. This is after the people of truth from the prophets, angels bear witness regarding the message being conveyed and the denial of the disbelieving nations.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

s. God, exalted be He, says: but the supplications of the disbelievers can only be misguided, void. [40:51] Truly We shall help Our messengers and those who believe, in the life of this world and on the day when the witnesses rise up ( ashhad is the plural of shahid) — these are the angels, who will testify in support of the messengers, that they indeed delivered [their Messages], and againSt the disbelievers, that they denied [them]; [40:52] the day when their excuses will not benefit (read la yanfa’u, or Id tanfa’u) the evildoers, [even] if they were to offer them, and theirs will be t…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

52. On the day when no excuse will benefit those who wronged themselves by disbelief and sin, and they will be distanced on that day from Allah's mercy, and for them is the evil abode and painful punishment.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

53. And I granted Moses miracles and knowledge through which the Israelites would be guided to the truth, and I made the Torah an inherited book amongst the Children of Israel, each generation would pass on it on to the other.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

the ills of the [ultimate] abode, in the Hereafter, meaning, the moSt severe of its chastisements. [40:53] And verily We gave Moses the guidance, the Torah and miracles, and We made the Children of Israel, after Moses, heirs to the scripture, the Torah, [40:54] as a guidance, to guide, and as a remembrance for people of pith, a reminder for possessors of intellect. [40:55] So be patient, O Muhammad (s). Surely God’s promise, to grant victory to His friends, is true — for you and whoever follows you are among such [friends].…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

54. As a guidance to the true path and a reminder to the people of sound intellect.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

55. O Messenger, be patient on the denial and harm by your people which you face. Allah’s promise of help and support to you is true without doubt. And seek forgiveness for your sin and glorify the praise of your Lord at the beginning and end of the day.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

56. Those who dispute the signs of Allah, striving to refute them without any evidence, do so only because of arrogance to it and a desire for dominance (in this world). They will never achieve their goal of dominance so hold firm, O Messenger, to Allah. It is He who is Hearing of the servants’ statements, Seeing their actions. None of it will escape Him and He will reward them for it.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

praise of your Lord at night — which means after sunset — and in the early hours: the five prayers. [40:56] Truly those who dispute the signs of God, the Qur’an, without any warrant, any evidence, that has come to them — there is only vanity in their breads, [only] arrogance and an [evil] desire to get the better of you, which they will never attain [ and satisfy]. So seek refuge with God, from their evil. Surely He is the Hearer, of their sayings, the Seer, of their State.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

57. The creation of the heavens and the earth and their greatness and vastness are greater than the creation of mankind, so the one who made them despite their greatness has the power to bring the dead back to life from their graves, to take them to account and reward them. But most people do not know, so they do not consider it nor do they deem it a proof for the resurrection, despite it being so clear.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

uge with God, from their evil. Surely He is the Hearer, of their sayings, the Seer, of their State. [40:57] The following was revealed regarding the deniers of resurrection: Assuredly the creation of the heavens and the earth, as an [unprecedented] firSt acft, is greater than the creation of mankind, a sec¬ ond time — which is the restoration [of them after death]; but mod people, namely, the disbelievers of Mecca, do not know, this, and so they are like the blind, whereas those who know it are like those who have sight.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

58. The one who cannot see and the one who can see are not equal, nor are those who have faith in Allah, accept His messengers and do good actions, equal to those who do wrong and have corrupt belief! You do not remember except a little, because if you had remembered you would have known the difference between the two groups so you could strive to be amongst those who have faith and did good deeds, seeking the pleasure of Allah.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

now, this, and so they are like the blind, whereas those who know it are like those who have sight. [40:58] And the blind one and the seer are not equal; nor are [they equal] those who believe and per¬ form righteous deeds — such a person being the virtuous one — and the evildoer ( wa-lal-musi’u : Id here is extra). Little do they refled, [little] are they admonished (read yatadhakkariina, or [second person plural] tatadhakkaruna, ‘do you reflect’), in other words, their reflections are very few. [40:59] Truly the Hour is coming; there is no doubt in it.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

59. The Hour in which Allah will raise the dead for reckoning and reward is definitely coming, without doubt, but most people do not believe it is coming. That is why they do not prepare for it through faith and good actions.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

w. [40:59] Truly the Hour is coming; there is no doubt in it. But mod people do not believe, in it. [40:60] And your Lord has said, ‘Call on Me and I will respond to you, in other words, worship Me and I will reward you — judging [this to be the meaning] by what follows. Surely those who disdain to worship Me shall enter (sa-yadkhuluna, or [passive] sa-yudkhaluna, ‘they shall be admitted into’) Hell [utterly] humiliated’, abased. [40:61] God it is Who made for you night that you may reft in it, and day for seeing — the attribution of sight ( ibsar ) to ‘day’ is figurative, and it is [so…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

60. O people, your Lord said: “Call upon Me alone and worship Me alone, and do not associate any partner with Me. Those who are too arrogant in worshipping Me alone will enter the fire on the Day of Judgment, low and disgraced”.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

coming; there is no doubt in it. But mod people do not believe, in it. [40:60] And your Lord has said, ‘Call on Me and I will respond to you, in other words, worship Me and I will reward you — judging [this to be the meaning] by what follows. Surely those who disdain to worship Me shall enter (sa-yadkhuluna, or [passive] sa-yudkhaluna, ‘they shall be admitted into’) Hell [utterly] humiliated’, abased. [40:61] God it is Who made for you night that you may reft in it, and day for seeing — the attribution of sight ( ibsar ) to ‘day’ is figurative, and it is [so attributed] because one is abl…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

61. Allah is the One who has made the night dark for you, so you can find peace in it and rest, and He made the day bright and clear so that you can work in it. Allah is full of great grace to the people when He granted them His apparent and hidden blessings, but most people do not thank Him for what He has blessed them with.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

62. That Allah who graciously gave you His favours is the Creator of everything, so there is no creator besides Him. There is no true god besides Him. So how do you turn away from His worship towards worshipping others who do not possess any benefit or harm?

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

a Lord of bounty to mankind, but moSt people are not thankfid, to God, and so they do not believe. [40:62] That then is God, your Lord, the Creator of all things; there is no god except Him. How then are you made to deviate?, how then are you turned away from faith, despite the evidence having been established [for it]? [40:63] So deviate, that is, in the same way that these [Meccans] deviate, deviate, those who used to deny the signs of God, His miracles. [40:64] God it is Who made for you the earth as a [Stable] abode and the heaven as a canopy, a ceiling.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

63. Just as these people were turned away from faith in Allah and worshipping Him alone, those who reject Allah’s signs which prove His oneness are turned away in every age and place. So they do not find their way to the truth nor are they divinely guided to it.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

64. O people, Allah is the one who made the earth a suitable place for dwelling/living, and the sky firmly formed above you, prevented from collapsing. And He formed you in the wombs of your mothers, then made perfected your formsyour forms. And He granted you provision from lawful, pleasant foods. He who granted you these blessings is Allah your Lord. So blessed is Allah, Lord of all the creation. There is no Lord besides Him.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

65. He is the Living who will not die. There is no true god besides Him. So call upon him in worship and supplication, seeking His pleasure alone, and do not associate any of His creation as partners with Him. All praise is for Allah, Lord of the creation.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

[all] the wholesome things. That then is God, your Lord, so blessed be God, the Lord of the Worlds. [40:65] He is the Living; there is no god except Him. So supplicate Him, worship Him, devoting [your] religion purely to Him, [free] from any idolatry. Praise be to God, the Lord of the Worlds. [40:66] Say: ‘I have been forbidden to worship those on whom you call, [those whom] you worship, besides God, since there have come to me clear signs, proofs of His Oneness, from my Lord; and I have been commanded to submit to the Lord of the Worlds’.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

66. O Messenger, say: “Allah has forbidden me from worshipping those whom you worship besides Allah, these idols which do not benefit or harm, when the clear proof and evidence have come to me regarding the falsehood of worshipping them. And Allah has ordered me to submit to Him alone through worship, as He is the Lord of all the creation. There is no Lord besides Him.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

67. He is the one who created Adam from soil, then He created you after him from a sperm-drop, then after a sperm-drop from clotted blood, then after that He takes you out of your mothers’ wombs as small children, then so that you reach the peak of your strength, then so that you grow older until you become elders. And some of you die before that, and so that you reach a fixed time in the knowledge of Allah which you cannot decrease or increase, and so that you benefit from these proof and evidence for His power and oneness.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

roofs of His Oneness, from my Lord; and I have been commanded to submit to the Lord of the Worlds’. [40:67] He it is Who created you from duSt, by having created your father Adam from it, then from a drop [ of Sperm ], then from a blood-clot, congealed blood, then He brings you forth as infants, then.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

68. He alone is the one in whose hand is giving life and He alone is the one in whose hand is giving death. So when He decides a matter, He only says to that matter: “Be” and it becomes.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

of time, that perhaps you might understand, the proofs of [His] Oneness and thus become believers. [40:68] He it is Who gives life and brings death. So when He decides upon a matter, [when] He wants to bring something into existence, He only says to it ‘Bel’ and it is (read fa-yakunu, or fa-yakuna [in the subjunctive] on account of an implied [preceding] an). In other words, it comes into existence after He has willed it, that which is signified by the said words. [40:69] Have you not regarded those who dispute the signs of God, the Qur’an, how they are turned away?, from faith —

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

69. O Messenger, do you not see those who argue about the signs of Allah, denying them despite them being clear, so you can wonder at their condition whilst they are turning away from the truth despite it being so clear?

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

70. Those who denied the Qur’ān and the truth I sent My messengers with - these deniers will soon learn the outcome of their denial and they shall see the bad ending.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

ot regarded those who dispute the signs of God, the Qur’an, how they are turned away?, from faith — [40:70] those who deny the Book, the Qur’an, and that wherewith We have sent Our messengers, in the way of the affirmation of [God’s] Oneness and [belief in] the Resurrection — and these [deniers] are the Meccan disbelievers. But they will come to know, the punishment for their denials;

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

71. They will learn its outcome when the shackles will be on their necks and the chains on their feet, with the angels of hell dragging them.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

deniers] are the Meccan disbelievers. But they will come to know, the punishment for their denials; [40:71] when ( idh has the meaning of idha) [with] fetters around their necks and chains ( wa’l-saldsilu, a supplement to al-aghlalu, ‘fetters’, so that the meaning is that these [chains] are also around their necks; or it [al-saldsilu, chains’] is the subject, the predicate of which has been omitted, in other words [the meaning being]: around their feet [will be these chains] — or [alternatively] its predicate is [the follow¬ ing, yushabuna ]), they are dragged, in other words, they are dr…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

72. They will drag them in hot boiling water, then they will be burnt in the fire.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

hains]. [40:72] into the boiling water, that is, [into] Hell, then in the Fire they are set aflame. [40:73] Then it will be said to them, in reproach: ‘Where are those whom you used to make partners, [40:74] besides God?’, alongside Him, and these are the idols. They will say, ‘They have forsaken, abandoned, us, and so we cannot see them. Nay, but [adually] we were not invoking anything before’.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

73. Then it will be said to them, to scold and rebuke them: “Where are your claimed gods you committed idolatry by worshipping?

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

the boiling water, that is, [into] Hell, then in the Fire they are set aflame. [40:73] Then it will be said to them, in reproach: ‘Where are those whom you used to make partners, [40:74] besides God?’, alongside Him, and these are the idols. They will say, ‘They have forsaken, abandoned, us, and so we cannot see them. Nay, but [adually] we were not invoking anything before’. They deny that they used to worship these [idols]; but then these [idols] are brought [before them] — [which is where] God, exalted be He, says: ‘Truly you and what you worship besides God shall be fuel for Hell’ [Q.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

74. Besides Allah, from your idols who could not benefit or harm?” The disbelievers will say: “They have disappeared from us, so we cannot see them. In fact, we did not worship anything in the world which deserved to be worshipped”. In the way these people were led astray, Allah leads the disbelievers astray from the truth in every era and place.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

75. It will be said to them: “That punishment which you are suffering is due to your rejoicing over the idolatry you were upon and due to your excess in rejoicing.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

o, in the same way that these disbelievers have been led astray, God leads aftray the disbelievers. [40:75] And it will also be said to them: ‘That, chastisement, is because you used to exult in the earth without right, by [your] idolatry and denial of resurrection, and because you were insolent, committing aCts of disobedience in abundance. [40:76] Enter the gates of Hell, to abide therein’. Evil then is the [ultimate] abode of the arrogant!

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

76. Enter the doors of hell, staying therein forever. Wretched is the abode in which those arrogant to the truth will reside”.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

77. O Messenger, be patient on the harming and denial of your people. The promise of Allah to help you is true without doubt. So I will either show you in your lifetime some of the punishment I promise them, as occurred in the Battle of Badr, or I will make you die before that. To Me alone they will return on the Day of Judgment, reward them for their actions accordingly, entering them into the fire they will remain in forever.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

0:76] Enter the gates of Hell, to abide therein’. Evil then is the [ultimate] abode of the arrogant! [40:77] So be patient. Assuredly God’s promise, to chastise them, is true. And if We show you (fa-imma contains an assimilated conditional particle in; the ma is extra and emphasises the conditional import at the beginning of the verb, while the nun emphasises it at the end) apart of what We promise them, of chastisement, in your lifetime (the response to the conditional has been omitted, in other words [it is something like]: ‘then so be it!’) ...orWe take you unto Us [in death], before th…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

78. O Messenger! I have sent many messengers before you to their people, but they rejected them and caused them harm. The messengers were patient upon the rejection and harm they faced. From among these messengers are those whom I have related their stories to you, and those whose stories I have not related. It is not correct for a messenger to bring a sign to his people from his Lord, except if He (may He be glorified) wishes for him to bring it. So, for the disbelievers to demand signs is wrong.…

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

ith the moSt severe punish¬ ment (this [laSt] mentioned response is that of the supplement only). 1 [40:78] And verily We sent messengers before you. Of them are those whom We have recounted to you, and of them are those whom We have not recounted to you: it is reported that God, exalted be He, sent 8,000 prophets, 4,000 prophets [sent] from among the Children of Israel and [the other] 4,000 from among the remainder of mankind. And it was never [permitted] for any messenger, from among them, to bring a sign except with God’s permission, for they are [also] servants enthralled [by Him].…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

79. Allah is the one who created camels, cows and livestock for you so that you can ride on some of them and consume the meat of some.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

or mankind, although such [advocates of falsehood] will have always been losers always before that. [40:79] God it is Who made for you cattle — it is said that ‘camels’ are Specifically meant here, even though it seems to signify cows and sheep also — that you may ride some of them and eat of some. [40:80] And there are [other] uses for you in them, such as [their] milk, offspring, fur and wool, and that by them you may satisfy any need that is in your breasts, namely, to transport heavy loads to [other] lands, and on them, on land, and on the ships, in the sea, you are carried.

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

80. You have many benefits in these creations as well as ships and other modes of transport which change over time. You can use them to acquire whatever necessities you desire to be fulfilled. And from the most apparent of these needs is transportation across the land and sea.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

81. And Allah shows you many of His signs that point to His power and oneness; so which of His signs do you not acknowledge, after it has been established they are His signs?

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

heavy loads to [other] lands, and on them, on land, and on the ships, in the sea, you are carried. [40:81] And He shows you His signs. So which of God’s signs, that is, [the signs] that prove His Oneness, do you rejeft? (the interrogative here is meant as a rebuke; ayya, ‘which of’ is more commonly made masculine than feminine). [40:82] Have they not travelled across the land to see the nature of the consequence for those before them? They were more powerful than them in might and in [their] vetfiges on earth, in the way of large Structures and palaces.…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

82. Do these rejectors not travel the earth and ponder over what the outcome was of the nations who rejected before them, and take heed from it? Those nations were wealthier, stronger and more influential than them in the world, but their actions and strength did not help them at all when the destructive punishment of Allah came.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

83. When their messengers brought clear proofs and great miracles to them, they denied them and were happy with the knowledge they had that contradicted whatever their messengers came with. So the very punishment they would mock when warned of by their messengers, came upon them.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

n earth, in the way of large Structures and palaces. But what they used to earn did not avail them. [40:83] And when their messengers brought them clear signs, manifest miracles, they, the disbeliev¬ ers, exulted in the knowledge they, the messengers, possessed, an exultation that entailed mockery and amusement, as they rejected such [knowledge], and there besieged, befell, them that which they used to deride, namely, the chastisement. [40:84] Then, when they saw Our doom, that is, the severity of Our chastisement, they said, ‘We believe in God alone, and we disavow what we used to assoc…

Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

84. Then, when they saw My punishment they began confessing, at a time when no confession would benefit them, saying, “We bring faith upon Allah alone, and reject whatever partners and idols we would worship instead of Him.”

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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Al-Mukhtasar

Tafsīr Center for Qur'anic Studies · Contemporary

85. So their bringing faith upon seeing the punishment descending upon them, did not benefit them. This is the way of Allah that has been consistent among His servants: that their bringing faith upon seeing the punishment is of no use. The disbelievers doomed themselves at the time when the punishment descended, by having put themselves in a place of destruction because of their disbelief in Allah and not repenting from it before seeing the punishment.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

al-Maḥallī & al-Suyūṭī · 864–911 AH / 1459–1505 CE

hich, as the commentator has pointed out is something along the lines of‘then so be if ( fa-dhaka ). [40:85] But their faith was of no benefit to them when they saw Our doom — [This is] God’s way ( sunnata’Llahi is in the accusative because it functions as a verbal noun from an implicit verb of the same expression ) 2 with the believers, among all communities, which is that faith is of no benefit to them once the chastisement has been sent down, which has its precdent; and it is thence that the disbelievers will be losers — [it is thence that] their Status as losers will become apparent to…